Different organisations involved and their role in a domain name registration process:
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) - You acquire a Domian Name by registering it with an ICANN appointed agencies or their sub-agencies like Mavenheads Infotech. ICANN , the apex body in this regards, is a not-for-profit organisation that regulates online addresses, better known as Domain Names. You can register any Domain Name of your choice (subject to availibility) at a nominal fees for a certain duration of time (in years). The fee and duration may differ for different TLDs. Once registered, you generally gain complete autonomy over your domain name for duration of registration.
Registrars: The registrar is an accredited (with ICANN) organization that registers/reserves a domain names for any person or company. They can register a domains name for the end customers (Registrant) directly but mostly through their reseller / sub-resellers down the line like Mavenheads Infotech. Now since ICANN is Registrar accredition authority, it has some rules and guideline that authorises registrars to sell / re-sell domains with some particular extensions only. Like some registrars have the ability to sell top-level domain names (TLDs) that are generic top-level domain names (gTLDs) like .com, .net and .org, some can sell country specific top-level domain names (ccTLDs) such as .in, .us, .ca and .eu., some can sell domain names with trade specific extensions like .shop, .cab, .hotel, .advocate, some registrars can also sell IDNs (Internationalized Domain Names) like domain name in regional or international language scripts like Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic or Devanagari etc. Some registrars get ability to sell domain names with different types of TLDs all at once place.
Mavenheads Infotech through its channel partners has ability to register domain names with any allowed extension like - gTLDs, ccTLDs, sTLDs, uTLDs, IDNs. Read about them in the Related Topics section below. It has also gained ability / authorised to pre book domain names with new upcomming domain extensions on behalf of its clients. Some special terms and condition may apply in such cases as might be set down by ICANN or its accredited Registrars.
Registry: A domain name registrar registers/reservers a domain names for a person but domain registry is responsible for maintaining a database for each top-level domain (TLDs). The responsibilities of the registries include accepting registration requests, maintaining a database of the necessary domain name registration data, and providing name servers to publish the zone file data (i.e., information about the location of a domain name) throughout the Internet. These registries (organisations like Verisign) maintain the DNS (Domain Name System) for their TLDs. DNS powers the internet by converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses. Both, the Registrar and the Registries work in cordination with each other under the guidance of ICANN.
DNS: Domain Name System powers the internet by converting alphabetic names into numeric IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. DNS is the backbone of the internet. It maps domain names to IP addresses. IP addresses are the language of the internet. Internally / technically computers communicate with each other using IP addresses only. The IP addresses are specific combinationa sets of numbers and letters, such as 123.123.123.123 (an IPv4 address, the older system) or 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 (an IPv6 address, the newer system). Note these are just some randoam IP addresses generated online just for dummy/explanation purpose only. https://www.ipvoid.com/random-ip/ .
Registrant: At last a registrant is the person or company who get register a domain name as per their choice / requirements (subject to availability). Registrants can register domain names directly or with the help of some professional service provider like us Mavenheads Infotech. Registrants or their representatives (service providers) manage their domain name's settings through their registrar. Though many registrars and registries give huge amount of control domain names but this may not be same in case of all domain names extensions. Some registrars & registries may provide only limited control over domain name settings to domain registrars. This may be as per their poicies or law of land for ccTLDs or some other reasons. Sometimes domains names registered under some offer or any scheme by registrars / registries may also give limited control to domain registrar. The registrar communicates the changes, administrative or technical, to the registry to be updated in the registry's database.